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4
General principles?

?4.1???Òý½øÁË?physical/chemical information£¨ÎïÀíѧ/»¯Ñ§ÐÅÏ¢£©µÄÐÂÀíÄ¸ÃÏîÉÌÆ·ÐÅÏ¢µÄ»ñµÃÓÅÏÈÑ¡Ôñ¶ÈÅÅÔÚÈ«²¿ÏàÈÜÐÔ¼ì²âµÄÇ°±ß£¬ÊÇа汾·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧµãÆÀµÄµÚÒ»²½£¬²¢ÎªÖ®ºóµÄÆäËûÏàÈÜÐÔ¼ì²â¸øÓèÁËÉÌÆ·ÐÅÏ¢¸ù¾Ý¡£

бê×¼ Figure 1 ·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ·çÏÕÐÔ¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷¼Æ»®ÖÐÒ²Éý¼¶ physical/chemical??information£¬²¢ÔÚÁ÷³Ì±íµÚÒ»ÅÅÖÐÌá¸ßÁËÒ»¸öеÄÀâÐθñ?geometry and physical?properties£¨¹¹ÔìºÍ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖÊ£©¡£Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬Á÷³Ì±íÖл¹ÌáÉýÁË?clinical use?×öΪ·çÏչܿصĵãÆÀÐÂÏîÄ¿£¬¿É²ÎÕÕͼ 2 ËùÏÔʾ¡£

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ͼ 2 ½ÚÑ¡×Ô ISO 10993-1:2018 Figure 1

 

4.3???c) packaging materials that directly or indirectly contact the medical device can?transfer chemicals?to the medical device and then indirectly to the patient or clinician;

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4.7???The biological safety of a medical device shall be evaluated by the manufacturer?over?the whole life-cycle?of a medical device.

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4.8???For?re-usable?medical devices, biological safety shall be evaluated for the maximum?number of validated processing cycles by the manufacturer.

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4.11???Õë¶Ôа汾¹æ·¶»ù±¾ÉϹ淶µÄÒ»¸ö²¹³ä˵Ã÷£º

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5
Categorization of medical devices?

5.1? General

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5.2.1 Non-contacting medical devices

а汾¹æ·¶ÕÚ¸ÇÁË·Ç´¥ÅöÀàÒ½ÁÆÉ豸£¬È·Á¢ÁË·Ç´¥ÅöÀàÒ½ÁÆÉ豸²»ÓÿªÕ¹ÏàÈÜÐÔ¼ì²â£¬ÀýÈçҽҩѧȷÕïAPP£¬ÑªÒºÖÆÆ·»úÆ÷É豸¼°Æä²ÉѪ¹ÜµÈ¡£

5.2.2 Surface-contacting medical devices

a) Skin

а汾¹æ·¶Ìá¸ßÁË NOTE ±íÊö£¬È·Á¢ÁËÑ¡Óûù±¾Ô­Áϵļ¡·ô´¥ÅöÆ÷²Ä²»ÓÃÌ«¶àµÄ·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧµãÆÀ¡£°üº¬ÎÞ½ºÊÖÌ×´¥ÅöÆ÷²Ä£¨ÈçµçÄÔ¼üÅÌ¡¢°´¼ü¡¢´¥ÃþÏÔʾÆÁ¡¢SD ¿¨¡¢U Å̵ȣ©ºÍ½ºÊÖÌ×´¥ÅöÆ÷²Ä£¨ÈçÈí¹ÜµÄÒ¡¸Ë£©¡£

5.2.3 Externally communicating medical devices

b) Tissue/bone/dentin

Medical devices or components that do not necessarily directly contact tissue or?bone but serve as?conduits to delivery fluids?to the tissue or bone.

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5.3 Categorization by duration of contact

5.3.1 Contact duration categories

c)?Long-term?exposure (C) ¨C medical devices whose cumulative sum of single, multiple?or repeated contact time exceeds 30 d.

а汾¹æ·¶ÖУ¬´¥Åö³¬³ö 30 ÌìµÄÒ½ÁÆÉ豸ѡÓà long-term ¸ü»»ÁË permanent£¬´ÓÃèÊöÉϸüΪµÄÈÏÕæϸÖ¡£ÀýÈçÐÄѪ¹ÜÖ§¼ÜΪ³¤ÆÚÐÔǶÈëÀàÒ½ÁÆÉ豸£¬µ«ÒòΪÊÜÖÆÓÚµç³ØµçÁ¿£¬¼´Ê¹µ¥Ç»Æð²©Æ÷Ò²Ö»Óб£³Ö 7~8 Ä꣬²¢²»¿ÉÒÔËãÊÇÓÀ¾ÃÐÔǶÈë¡£

5.3.2 Transitory-contacting medical devices

ÌáÉýÁ˶ÌÔÝÐÔ´¥ÅöÒ½ÁÆÉ豸µÄ½ç¶¨£¬ÒªÇó´¥Åö•r¼äµÍÓÚ?1 ·Ö犵ÄÆ÷²Ä»®ÈëΪ¶ÌÔÝÐÔ´¥ÅöÀ࣬ÀýÈçÁøÒ¶µ¶ÔÓÖ¾¡¢Æ¤ÄÚ×¢ÉäÕ롢ëϸѪ¹ÜµÈ¡£?¶ÌÔÝÐÔ´¥ÅöÒ½ÁÆÉ豸ͨ³£²»ÓÿªÕ¹ÏàÈÜÐÔ¼ì²â£¬Ò²Î´¹éÈ븽Ôò A£¬µ«¸ÃÀàÆ÷²ÄÈôÉæ¼°µ½»ýÀÛÓ¦Óã¨cumulative use£©£¬±ØÐë´ËÍâµãÆÀ¡£

6
Biological evaluation process?

6.1 Physical and chemical information

Ôö¼ÓÌõÎÄ£¬physical and chemical information ΪÏàÈÜÐÔµãÆÀ¹Ø¼üµÄµÚÒ»²½£¬Âäʵ´ëÊ©¿É²ÎÕÕ?ISO 10993-18£¬Õë¶ÔÄÉÃ׸´ºÏ²ÄÁϿɲÎÕÕ 2017 ÄêÐÂÉÏÊеÄÏàÈÜÐԹ淶?ISO/TR 10993-22.

6.2 Gap analysis and selection of biological endpoints

Ôö¼ÓÌõÎÄ£¬ÒªÇóÁ˲î±ðÆÊÎöµÄÖ´Ðв½Ö裬Ӧ²ÎÕÕ¸½Ôò A µÄ¸ù»ùÉÏ£¬Èںϸ½Ôò?CLiterature review£¨²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£©¿ªÕ¹ÅжÏ¡£?¸ù¾Ý²î±ðÆÊÎöµÄ½Y¹û£¬ÅжϴæÓеIJ»È·¶¨ÐÔ·çÏÕÐÔ£¬ÒÔ¾ö²ß±ØÐëÌôÑ¡µÄÏàÈÜÐÔ¼ì²âÐÂÏîÄ¿¡£

6.3 Biological testing

±¾´Îа汾¹æ·¶Ôö¼ÓµÄ²âÊÔ±¨¸æ¹Ø¼ü²ÎÕÕÁË FDA ÓÐ¹Ø ISO 10993-1 ²Ù×÷Ö¸ÄÏ 2016°æÅä¼þ A µÄƒÈÈÝ£¬Õâ¾Í´ú±í×ÅÏàÈÜÐÔ¼ì²âµÄ ISO ¹æ·¶×ÜÌåÏò FDA °¤½ü£¬Õë¶Ô²ÎÕÕ ISO 10993-1 ¸½Ôò A µÄÒ½ÁÆÉ豸Éú²ú³§¼Ò¶øÑÔÊÇÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÊÔÁ¶£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÀýÈçÂý¶¾¡¢Ö°©ÎïÖʵȳ¤ÆÚÐÔ²âÊÔ±¨¸æµÄÌí¼Ó¡£

ISO 10993-1 ¸½Ôò A Éý¼¶ºó£¬ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ£º

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1£© Ó¦Óñê¼Ç E Ìæ´úÉÏÒ»°æµÄ X ÒÔ±êÖ¾ÉúÎïÌåÏàÈÝÐÔÊÔÑéÖÕµãÕ¾£»

2£© а汾¹æ·¶±ê¼Ç X ±íÃ÷·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ·çÏÕÆÀ¼Û±ØÐëµÄÍâÖÃÐÅÏ¢ÄÚÈÝ£¬ÈçPhysical and?chemical information£»

3£© ÌáÉýÁËеÄÉúÎïÌåÏàÈÝÐÔÊÔÑéÐÂÏîÄ¿£¨ÈçÏÂͼ 3 ±ê»ÆËùÏÔʾ£©£ºÔ­²ÄÁÏÊÜÌåÈÈÔ­¡¢Âý¶¾¡¢Ö°©ÎïÖÊ¡¢Éúֳϵͳ¶¾ºÍÉúÎï½µ½â¡£

6.3.2.5 Material-mediated pyrogenicity

¸½Ôò A Ôö¼Ó²âÊÔ±¨¸æ£¬Ô­²ÄÁÏÊÜÌåÈÈÔ­¡£ÈÈÔ­·Ö³ÉÀ඾ËØÊÜÌåÈÈÔ­ºÍÔ­²ÄÁÏÊÜÌåÈÈÔ­£¬¾¡¹ÜÔ­²ÄÁÏÊÜÌåÈÈÔ­ÔÚÒ»°ãÒ½ÁÆÉ豸½ÏΪº±¼û£¬³£¼ûÓÚÉúÎïÌåÑо¿Ô­²ÄÁϵÄÆ÷²Ä£¬ÊµÑ鷽ʽ¶à¼ûÐÂÎ÷À¼Í÷¨¡£

6.3.2.8 Chronic toxicity

¸½Ôò A Ôö¼Ó²âÊÔ±¨¸æ£¬ÂþÐÔ¶¾¸±×÷Ó᣶ԱÈÑÇÂý¶¾¸±×÷Óã¬ÂþÐÔ¶¾¸±×÷Óõļì²éÖÜÆÚʱ¼ä»á¸ü³¤£¬ÀýÈç 3 ¸öÔµÄС°×ÊóÑÇÂý£¬±ØÐ볤´ï 6 ¸öÔµÄС°×ÊóÂý¶¾¡£¼ì²âÆÚÏÞµÄÑÓ³¤Õë¶ÔÒ½ÁÆÉ豸ѸËÙ·¢Ê۵ĽÚ×à¸ÐÒ²»áÊÇÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄÊÔÁ¶£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÖÚ¶àDZÔÚÐԵĺϹæ·çÏÕÐÔ¡£

6.3.2.9 Implantation effects

Õë¶ÔǶÈëʵÑ飬а汾¹æ·¶ÓµÓÐÖØÒªÉý¼¶£¬ÌáÒéǶÈëÊÔÑé·½°¸¿É·¢Õ¹ÎªÓë´ËͬʱµãÆÀ²¿·Ö·´Ó³ºÍÈ«ÉíÉÏ϶¾¸±×÷Óã¬ÒÔ´ïµ½ÑǼ±ÐÔ¡¢ÑǼ±¡¢ÑÇÂýºÍÂý¶¾¼ì²âµÄÒªÇó¡£¼ÙÈçºÜÓпÉÄÜ£¬ÑªÒ¹ÏàÈÜÐÔµãÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ°üÀ¨ÔÚÆäÖС£

6.3.2.11 Carcinogenicity

¸½Ôò A Ôö¼Ó²âÊÔ±¨¸æ£¬Ö°©ÎïÖÊ¡£Õë¶ÔÒ»°ãÒ½ÁÆÉ豸£¬Ö°©ÎïÖÊʵÑé·Ç³£ÉÙÉæ¼°µ½£¬µ«Õë¶Ô´¥Åö•r¼ä³¬³ö 30 ÌìµÄÒ½ÁÆÉ豸±ØÐ뿼Âǵ½¡£Ð°汾¹æ·¶ÌáÒ飬Ö°©ÎïÖÊ¿ÉÒÔºÏÆ´ÂþÐÔ¶¾ÊµÑ鿪չ£¬Êµ¼Ê¿É²ÎÕÕ?OECD Guideline 453.

6.3.2.12 Reproductive and developmental toxicity

¸½Ôò A Ôö¼Ó²âÊÔ±¨¸æ£¬Éúֳϵͳ¶¾¸±×÷Óá£Õë¶ÔÒ»°ãÒ½ÁÆÉ豸£¬Éúֳϵͳ¶¾¸±×÷ÓÃʵÑé·Ç³£ÉÙÉæ¼°µ½£¬µ«Õë¶ÔÔ¤¹ÀÓ¦ÓÃȺÌåΪÔÐÂèÂèµÄÒ½ÁÆÉ豸±ØÐ뿼Âǵ½¡£

6.3.2.13 Degradation

¸½Ôò A Ôö¼Ó²âÊÔ±¨¸æ£¬ÉúÎï½µ½âÐÔ¡£Õë¶ÔÉúÎï½µ½âÒ½ÁÆÉ豸£¬Ó¦ÓÃÉíÌåÖ®Íâ·¨·ÂÕæÄ£ÄâÁÙ´²Ò½Ñ§Ó¦ÓÿªÕ¹¼ì²â£¬µ±ÉíÌåÖ®Íâ¼ì²âû·¨»ñµÃ³ä×ãµÄÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢ÒÔ֤ʵÆäÏàÈÜÐÔʱ£¬±ØÐ뿼Âǵ½ÉíÌåÄÚÈܽâʵÑé¡£ÈܽâʵÑé¿É²ÎÕյĹ淶Ϊ ISO 10993-9£¬ISO 10993-13£¬ISO?10993-14£¬ISO 10993-15.

 

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