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1.1 ʵÑéÔ­Àí

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ͼ1 (Íø·°æÎåÑÕÁùÉ«)³¬ÊèˮҳÃæ´¦µÄ¹âµÄ·´Éä×´¿ö

Figure 1 (Color online) Light reflection phenomenon of the superhydrophobicinterface

1.2 ʵÑé·½·¨

ÊÔÑéÑ¡ÓÃÐÂõrºÊÒ¶×öΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó: (1) ÓÉÓÚºÊÒ¶µÄ¦Ìm¹¹Ôì³ß´çÊʶÈÓÐÀûÓÚÔö¼Ó²»Í¬µÄ³ß´çµÄ¹¤×÷ѹÁ¦; (2)ÓÉÓÚºÊÒ¶µÄ³¬ÊèË®ÐÔÓëÆä˵ÉúÎï»îÐÔûÓÐÌ«´óµÄ¹Øϵ[8], ÊÔÑéµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÒ²·¢¾õ¼´Ê¹½«ºÊÒ¶ÅݽþÔÚË®ÖÐÈýËÄÌìºÊÒ¶±í²ã¶¼Ã»ÓвúÉúÏÔÖøת±ä. ÊÔÑéÓ¦Óü¤¹â·¢ÉäÆ÷(50mW, (650¡À10) nm)×öΪµÆÔ´, ºìÍâ´«¸ÐÆ÷½ÓÊÜÕÛÉä¹â, Êý¾Ý²É¼¯¿¨¿ªÕ¹Á¿»¯·ÖÎö½â¾ö. Ñ¡Óü¤¹âÆ÷×öΪµÆÔ´¿É»ñµÃÊ®·Ö¹âÁÁµÄÕÛÉä¹â, ½ø¶ø´ó´óµÄ¼õÉÙÁË·¿¼äÄÚ¹âת±ä¶ÔÊÔÑé½Y¹û´øÀ´µÄΣº¦. ÊÔÑé½øÐÐÇ°½«¼¤¹â·¢ÉäÆ÷ºÍºìÍâ´«¸ÐÆ÷Ö÷ÅÔÚÊÊÒ˵IJ¿Î»±ãÓڼͼÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶È. Ëæºó½«Ë®³Ù»ºµØµ¹½øÃܱÕÈÝ»ýÀï, ÍÌûȫ²¿ºÊÒ¶(¿í¶ÈÔ¼2 cm). ¹¤×÷ѹÁ¦½èÖúË®µÄѹÁ¦À´Íê³É. Ôö¼ÓÔÚºÊÒ¶Éϵĸºµ£ºÍÕÛÉä¹â¸÷×ÔÓÉҺλ´«¸ÐÆ÷ºÍºìÍâ´«¸ÐÆ÷¿ªÕ¹¼ì²âÓë¼Í¼. ÔÚͬһˮλÏ¿ªÕ¹2×éÊÔÑé,Ò»×éÓÃÓÚÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢¼Í¼, ÁíÒ»×éÖ÷ÅÊýÂëÏà»ú±ãÓÚ¹Û²é½ÏΪ. ÊÔÑé²Ù×÷¹ý³ÌÖо¡¿ÉÄܱ£Ö¤×ÔÈ»»·¾³²»»á¸Ä±ä, Ó¦ÓÃÈ¥Àë×ÓË®,ÿһ´ÎÊÔÑé²ð»»Ò»´ÎÈ¥Àë×ÓË®²¢¼ä¾àÒ»¶Îʱ¼äÓÃ×ÏÍâÏßÕÕÉäË®ÖÊ. ¹âÕÕÇ¿¶ÈµÄ¼Í¼¼ä¾àά³ÖÔÚ5~20 minÖмä.

ͼ2 (Íø·°æÎåÑÕÁùÉ«)ºÊÒ¶´¦ÓÚ²»Ò»ÑùÉî²ãµÄË®ÖÐÒ³ÃæÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶ÈËæ•r¼äµÄת±äͼ

Figure 2 (Color online) Graphs of reflected light intensity variation with time when lotus leaves are in different water depths

2.1 ÊÔÑé½Y¹û

×îÏÈÊÙÃü²âÊÔÊÔÑéÖÐÉèÖÃˮλ¸÷×ÔΪ20, 40, 60ºÍ90 cm. ͼ2ÌṩÁ˺ÊÒ¶´¦ÓÚ²»Ò»ÑùÉî²ãµÄË®ÖÐÒ³ÃæÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶ÈËæ•r¼äµÄת±ä, ÓÉͼ2(a)¿ÉÒÔ¿´µÃ³ö²»¹ÜˮλΪÊǶàÉÙ, ÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶ÈÒ»¿ªÊ¼¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±£³ÖÔڽϸߵij̶ÈÉÏ, Ëæºó¿ìËÙ¼õÉÙ. ÇÒˮλԽÖØ, ÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶ÈËðºÄµÃÔ½À´Ô½¿ì. ÒÀ¾ÝÇúÏßͼÌصã¿É½«ÇúÏßͼ·Ö³É3¶Î: (1) È«·´Éä»·½Ú, ÕâÒ»»·½ÚÕÛÉä¹â×îÅ£ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔ±£³ÖÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä±íÃ÷ÒºÆøÒ³Ãæ±È½ÏƽÎÈ, Ò³ÃæΪÒøÉ«(ͼ1(a)), ºÊÒ¶±í²ã›]Óб»ÊªÈó, ºÊÒ¶ÒÀÈ»´¦ÓÚË®Öг¬ÊèË®Çé¿ö;(2) ѸËÙËðºÄ»·½Ú, ÕâÒ»»·½ÚÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶È´ó·ù¶È¼õÉÙ±íÃ÷ÒºÆøÒ³ÃæÔ½À´Ô½Ê®·Ö²»Îȶ¨, ¿ÕÆø¿ìËÙ¼õÉÙ´ÙʹҳÃæ·µ¹â¼õÈõ, ºÊÒ¶±í²ãÒ»²¿·ÖµØÇø±»ÊªÈó, Ë®Öг¬ÊèË®Çé¿öÄÑÒÔÔٴα£³Ö; (3) ×îºóƽÎÈ»·½Ú, ÕâÒ»»·½ÚÕÛÉä¹â¿¹Ñ¹Ç¿¶È´¦Óڽϵ͵ÄË®×¼Éϳٻº½µµÍ, ºÊÒ¶±í²ãÐÞ¸´´äÂÌÉ«(ͼ1(b)), ±íÃ÷ÕâʱҺÆøÒ³Ãæ»ù±¾Éϳ¹µ×ÏûÍË, ºÊÒ¶±í²ãµÄ¾ø´ó¶àÊýµØÇø±»ÊªÈó, Ë®Öг¬ÊèË®Çé¿öµ´È»ÎÞ´æ.

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2.2 ½Y¹ûÆÊÎö

ΪÁ˸üºÃµØ±íÊöÒÔÉÏÕâÖÖ×´¿ö, Ðè¶Ô³¬ÊèˮҳÃæ´¦µÄÍ£Áô¿ÕÆø¿ªÕ¹ÊÜÁ¦. ÈçÏÂͼ4ËùÏÔʾ, ¿ÕÆøµÄƒÈ²¿¹¤×÷ѹÁ¦Pv¡¢Ë®µÄ¾²¹¤×÷ѹÁ¦PlºÍ¿××´Á¦Ôì³ÉµÄÐü¼ÜÁ¦Ps´´½¨¾ùºâ:

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P0ÊÇ´óÆøѹÁ¦, PvÓëœØ¶È¡¢ÆøÌåÊÜËõСˮƽÏà¹Ø. PsÓëÆóÒµ×ÜÃæ»ý¹ÌÒºÆøÈýÏà´¥ÅöÏß³¤¶Ì?¡¢·Ç¾ùÏà´¥Åö×ÜÃæ»ý³É¼¨fs¡¢Ç°ÐбíÃæÕÅÁ¦¦Èa¡¢±íÃæÕÅÁ¦¦ÃlvºÍ¶à¿×½á¹¹µÄµ×½Ç¦ØÏà¹Ø. ½Ï´óÔì³ÉµÄÐü¼ÜÁ¦¿É±íÃ÷Ϊ[9]

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ͼ3 (Íø·°æÎåÑÕÁùÉ«)(a) Ë®Öг¬ÊèË®Çé¿öµÄʹÓÃÊÙÃüÓëˮλµÄ¹ØÁª; (b) ÊÙÃü²âÊÔÍê±ÏºóºÊÒ¶µÄ±íÃæÕÅÁ¦

Figure 3 (Color online) (a) The relationship of lifetime of underwater superhydrophobicity to water depth; (b) the contact angle of lotus leaves afterlifetime test

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2 Cassie A B D, Baxter S. Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans Faraday Soc, 1944, 40: 546¨C551

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